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| ('technologyreview.com/2018/11/10/139137/is-this-ai-we-drew-you-a-flowchart-to-work-it-out/', 4)                                      | As it currently stands , the vast majority of the AI advancements and applications you hear about refer to a category of algorithms known as machine learning ( see >>>" What is machine learning<<< ? " )                                                                  |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2018/12/12/1739/a-radical-new-neural-network-design-could-overcome-big-challenges-in-ai/', 16)                 | The most common process for training a neural network ( a.k.a. >>>supervised learning<<< ) involves feeding it a bunch of labeled data .                                                                                                                                    |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/01/11/103556/one-day-your-voice-will-control-all-your-gadgets-and-they-will-control-you/', 17)            | In June , for example , research nonprofit OpenAI developed an >>>unsupervised learning<<< technique to train systems on unstructured , rather than cleaned and labeled , text .                                                                                            |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/01/21/137783/algorithms-criminal-justice-ai/', 23)                                                        | As we 've covered before , >>>machine-learning algorithms<<< use statistics to find patterns in data .                                                                                                                                                                      |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/01/25/1436/we-analyzed-16625-papers-to-figure-out-where-ai-is-headed-next/', 40)                          | As well as the different techniques in machine learning , there are three different >>>types<<< : supervised , unsupervised , and reinforcement learning .                                                                                                                  |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/02/12/1384/an-ai-system-can-diagnose-childhood-diseases-better-than-some-doctors/', 1)                    | The study : The >>>system<<< was trained on medical records from 1.4 million visits by 567,498 patients under 18 to a medical center in Guangzhou , China .                                                                                                                 |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/04/04/65911/the-fda-wants-to-regulate-machine-learning-in-healthcare/', 2)                                | It is the biggest step the FDA has taken to date toward formalizing oversight of products that use >>>machine learning ( ML<<< ) .                                                                                                                                          |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/04/29/135578/ai-researchers-want-to-study-ai-the-same-way-social-scientists-study-humans/', 14)           | ( They certainly have not ; they 're only >>>glorified math models<<< . )                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/05/08/135454/deep-learning-could-reveal-why-the-world-works-the-way-it-does/', 4)                         | We 've talked about how machine-learning algorithms in their current state are biased , susceptible to adversarial attacks , and >>>incredibly limited<<< in their ability to generalize the patterns they find in a training data set for multiple applications .          |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/05/19/135299/how-we-might-protect-ourselves-from-malicious-ai/', 9)                                       | As we 've noted many times before , deep learning 's power comes from its excellent ability to >>>recognize patterns in data<<< .                                                                                                                                           |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/07/09/134261/ai-nlp-scientific-abstracts-material-science/', 1)                                           | The context : Natural-language processing has seen major advancements in recent years , thanks to the development of >>>unsupervised machine-learning techniques<<< that are really good at capturing the relationships between words .                                     |
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| ('technologyreview.com/2019/07/23/102857/turn-selfies-into-classical-portraits-with-the-ai-gnerative-that-fuels-deep-fakes-gans/', 5) | It involves getting two >>>neural networks<<< to duel each other to produce an acceptable outcome : a generator , which looks at examples and tries to mimic them , and a discriminator , which judges if they are real by comparing them with the same training examples . |
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| ('technologyreview.com/s/613535/five-questions-you-can-use-to-cut-through-ai-hype/', 12)                                              | Conceptually , this is a pattern recognition problem and thus would be one that machine learning could tackle ( see : >>>What is machine learning<<< ? )                                                                                                                    |
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| ('technologyreview.com/s/614554/a-robot-hand-taught-itself-to-solve-a-rubiks-cube-after-creating-its-own-training-regime/', 3)        | First , the hand had taught itself how to fidget with the cube using a >>>reinforcement-learning algorithm<<< , a technique modeled on the way animals learn .                                                                                                              |
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